inkisaf.az
\nRobinzon Kruzo kims\u0259siz bir adada deyil, kims\u0259siz bir metropolda t\u0259k ya\u015fasayd\u0131, aliml\u0259rin \u201cKainatda niy\u0259 t\u0259kik?\u201d sual\u0131na cavab axtarark\u0259n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 hissl\u0259ri t\u0259xmin\u0259n ya\u015fayard\u0131.
\nkosmosdan yerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\nT\u0259kc\u0259 bizim S\u00fcd Yolu Qalaktikam\u0131zda 100 il\u0259 400 milyard aras\u0131nda ulduz var. Biz \u0259minik ki, onlar\u0131n minl\u0259rl\u0259 planet sisteml\u0259ri var v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 onlarla planetd\u0259 yer\u00fcst\u00fc h\u0259yat formalar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fun bir atmosfer v\u0259 temperatur var. \u018fslind\u0259, daha \u00e7ox Yer \u0259kizl\u0259ri var (onlar h\u0259l\u0259 bizim teleskoplar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr), lakin biz Qalaktikada a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etmirik. S\u0259b\u0259b n\u0259dir? Aliml\u0259r bu fenomen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 izahat ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
YER KA\u0130NATIN SON U\u015eAQDIR.
\nQalaktikam\u0131zda indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yerd\u0259nk\u0259nar k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri art\u0131q \u00f6ld\u00fc – S\u00fcd Yolu n\u0259h\u0259ng sivilizasiyalar q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Kaliforniya Texnologiya \u0130nstitutunda bir qrup fizik t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 2020-ci ild\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan ara\u015fd\u0131rmaya \u0259sas\u0259n bel\u0259dir. M\u00fcasir astronomiya v\u0259 statistik modell\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259d\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n m\u0259lumatlardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, onlar S\u00fcd Yolunda zaman v\u0259 m\u0259kanda a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fi v\u0259 eni\u015finin x\u0259rit\u0259sini t\u0259rtib edibl\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259, onlar m\u0259\u015fhur Drake t\u0259nliyini t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirdil\u0259r, onun k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 aliml\u0259r n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yer\u00fcst\u00fc sivilizasiyan\u0131n biziml\u0259 t\u0259masda ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar (hesablamalara g\u00f6r\u0259, ya\u015f\u0131l adamlar\u0131n 20 bel\u0259 icmas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r). Caltech fizikl\u0259ri m\u00fch\u00fcm amili ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131lar: a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 varl\u0131qlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259hv etm\u0259y\u0259 meyli.
\nUlduzlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tini v\u0259 planet sisteml\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sini t\u0259hlil ed\u0259n aliml\u0259r bel\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259libl\u0259r ki, S\u00fcd Yolunun yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0259yat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 ehtimal\u0131 Qalaktikan\u0131n yaranmas\u0131ndan 8 milyard il sonra maksimum h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. A\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 varl\u0131qlar\u0131n meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131n episentri is\u0259 onun m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259n 13000 i\u015f\u0131q ili m\u0259saf\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015firdi (g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ulduz \u00e7oxlu\u011fu orada yerl\u0259\u015fir).
\nM\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Yer Qalaktikan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259n 25 000 i\u015f\u0131q ili uzaqdad\u0131r v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r sivilizasiyas\u0131 S\u00fcd Yolunun yaranmas\u0131ndan 13,5 milyard il sonra yaran\u0131b.
\n\u018fg\u0259r ehtimal n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k inki\u015faf etmi\u015f bir sivilizasiyan\u0131n n\u00fcv\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259si v\u0259 ya iqlim f\u0259lak\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259hv etm\u0259 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirs\u0259k, onda son 5,5 milyard il \u0259rzind\u0259 biz\u0259 he\u00e7 bir yolda\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na z\u0259man\u0259t verilir. insanlar Qalaktikada qald\u0131. Y\u0259ni, b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t teatr s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 Qalaktikada tama\u015fa art\u0131q bit\u0259nd\u0259, aktyorlar v\u0259 tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131lar art\u0131q getdiyi bir vaxtda peyda oldu.<\/p>\n
Z\u0130QL\u0130 H\u018fYAT YOLUNDA B\u00d6Y\u00dcK F\u0130LT\u0130R VAR.
\nB\u0259s a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131 n\u0259 m\u0259hv edir? Bu sual\u0131n ayd\u0131n cavab\u0131 var: B\u00f6y\u00fck Filtr! H\u0259tta ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u00e7oxh\u00fcceyr\u0259li orqanizml\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b h\u0259yat formalar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq. M\u0259kt\u0259b biologiyas\u0131 kurslar\u0131ndan \u00e7oxlar\u0131 \u201cmitoxondriya h\u00fcceyr\u0259nin g\u00fcc m\u0259rk\u0259zidir\u201d ifad\u0259sini xat\u0131rlay\u0131r. Halbuki, mitoxondriya bir zamanlar \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 ya\u015fayan ayr\u0131 bir bakteriya idi. Ancaq Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin bir n\u00f6qt\u0259sind\u0259 bir h\u00fcceyr\u0259li bir orqanizm bir mitoxondrini yem\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131, lakin bakteriya onu layiqinc\u0259 h\u0259zm etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdi. Bu ittifaq n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ali h\u0259yat formalar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Aliml\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, bel\u0259 bir hadis\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r unikald\u0131r ki, Qalaktikada yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 sivilizasiya bu B\u00f6y\u00fck Filtrd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259rdi.
\nYer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir B\u00f6y\u00fck Filtr dinozavrlar ola bil\u0259r – y\u00fcz milyonlarla ildir planetd\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q ed\u0259n n\u0259h\u0259ng canl\u0131lar. Tiranozavrlar v\u0259 brontozavrlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u0259m\u0259li \u0259cdadlar\u0131m\u0131z qida z\u0259ncirinin \u0259n dibind\u0259 ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 bir varl\u0131q n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259n ki\u00e7ik, gec\u0259, si\u00e7an boyda heyvanlar idi. V\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir q\u0259za, 66 milyon il \u0259vv\u0259l k\u0259rt\u0259nk\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259n n\u0259h\u0259ng asteroidl\u0259 toqqu\u015fma m\u0259m\u0259lil\u0259rin Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 hegemonlu\u011fa ged\u0259n yolunu t\u0259mizl\u0259di. Bu olmasayd\u0131, dinozavrlar h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 planeti idar\u0259 ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. Ax\u0131, 250 milyon il \u0259rzind\u0259 onlar he\u00e7 vaxt a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 olmad\u0131lar. Ancaq insanlar\u0131n bunu etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259mi 3 milyon ili var idi.
\nB\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t bir ne\u00e7\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Filtrd\u0259n u\u011furla ke\u00e7di, lakin elm adamlar\u0131 hesab edirl\u0259r ki, qar\u015f\u0131da bird\u0259n \u00e7ox sivilizasiyan\u0131 m\u0259hv ed\u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl t\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r var. B\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar hesab edirl\u0259r ki, b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u00f6z g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k m\u0259hvinin toxumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z daxilind\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 buras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, yaln\u0131z y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u0259xluq ola bil\u0259rdi, \u00e7\u00fcnki onun p\u0259hrizind\u0259 beyin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r protein var idi. Sivilizasiya tarixi boyu bizim bioloji t\u0259bi\u0259timiz – aqressivliyimiz v\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apara bilm\u0259m\u0259yimiz qanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6v xalqlar\u0131n m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Ancaq \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 insanlar yaln\u0131z b\u0131\u00e7aql\u0131 silahlara v\u0259 odlu silahlara sahib idil\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn onlarla \u00f6lk\u0259nin ixtiyar\u0131nda n\u00fcv\u0259 silah\u0131 var. Sabah k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n silahlar\u0131 daha da \u0259l\u00e7atan olacaq. V\u0259 bir m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259lidir ki, dini fanatikl\u0259r v\u0259 ya \u00e7\u0131l\u011f\u0131n diktatorlar Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sini m\u0259hv ed\u0259c\u0259k bir q\u00fcvv\u0259 buraxmas\u0131nlar.
\nHarvard Universitetind\u0259n amerikal\u0131 fizik Avi Loeb bel\u0259 bir fikirl\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ki, S\u00fcd Yolu yerd\u0259nk\u0259nar a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 al\u0259ml\u0259rin fani qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n istirah\u0259t etdiyi n\u0259h\u0259ng kosmik q\u0259biristanl\u0131qd\u0131r. Lakin o hesab edir ki, \u0259sas B\u00f6y\u00fck Filtr G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f v\u0259 buna b\u0259nz\u0259r ulduzlard\u0131r. Ulduzumuz 4,6 milyard il \u0259vv\u0259l yaran\u0131b. Kosmik standartlara g\u00f6r\u0259, g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f sistemi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u00fcrub vaxt\u0131 art\u0131q g\u0259lib \u00e7at\u0131b. Ulduzumuzun d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rind\u0259 termon\u00fcv\u0259 reaksiyas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259r saniy\u0259 milyonlarla ton hidrogen heliuma \u00e7evrilir. Bu reaksiya G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r; 1 milyard ild\u0259n sonra o q\u0259d\u0259r parlaq olacaq ki, Yer Veneraya \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259k. Okeanlar\u0131m\u0131z qaynayacaq v\u0259 istixana effekti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259thin temperaturu 200-400 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atacaq. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t yeralt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl istid\u0259n gizl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k. Lakin hidrogen t\u00fck\u0259ndikc\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayacaq v\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201cq\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 n\u0259h\u0259ng\u201d m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atacaq. Onun parlaql\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 2700 d\u0259f\u0259, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc is\u0259 250 d\u0259f\u0259 artacaq. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin xarici k\u0259nar\u0131 Yer orbitinin cari radiusuna \u00e7atacaq.
\nBu aqib\u0259td\u0259n qa\u00e7ma\u011f\u0131n s\u0131rf hipotetik yollar\u0131 var. Aliml\u0259r b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f sistemind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na imkan ver\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259h\u0259ng kosmik platformalar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 edirl\u0259r. B\u0259zi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, Yerin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc orbitd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 onu t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz m\u0259saf\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k \u015fans\u0131 var.
\nAmma Avi Loeb\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, itirilmi\u015f sivilizasiyalar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin texniki s\u0259viyy\u0259si yaln\u0131z ulduzlararas\u0131 kosmosa SOS siqnal\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t edirdi. Bel\u0259 bir mesaj\u0131 yadplanetli kosmik g\u0259mil\u0259r da\u015f\u0131ya bil\u0259r v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f sisteminin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini ziyar\u0259t edirl\u0259r. Loeb hesab edir ki, siqar formal\u0131 q\u0259rib\u0259 asteroid “Oumuamua” bel\u0259 bir k\u0259\u015ffiyyat g\u0259misi ola bil\u0259r. B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 xilas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn indi ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi yegan\u0259 faydal\u0131 \u015fey, itirilmi\u015f sivilizasiyalar\u0131n ulduzun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 sa\u011f qalma\u011f\u0131m\u0131za k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k qiym\u0259tli m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 biz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131ra bildiyi \u00fcmidi il\u0259 bu c\u00fcr ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar axtarmaqd\u0131r. .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
inkisaf.az Robinzon Kruzo kims\u0259siz bir adada deyil, kims\u0259siz bir metropolda t\u0259k ya\u015fasayd\u0131, aliml\u0259rin \u201cKainatda niy\u0259 t\u0259kik?\u201d sual\u0131na cavab axtarark\u0259n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elm-thsil"],"yoast_head":"\n