inkisaf.az
\n Yanvar 1839-cu ild\u0259 frans\u0131z r\u0259ssam\u0131, kimya\u00e7\u0131, ixtira\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 fotoqrafiyan\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri Lui Daqer Ay\u0131n ilk foto\u015f\u0259kilini \u00e7\u0259kdi. Bundan sonra insanlar kosmosdan birba\u015fa Ay\u0131n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Ay\u0131n s\u0259thini d\u0259 ziyar\u0259t ed\u0259 bildil\u0259r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, dem\u0259k olar ki, bu iki \u0259srd\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin Ay haqq\u0131nda \u00f6yr\u0259ndiyi \u0259n maraql\u0131 faktlar\u0131 xat\u0131rlatmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldik. R\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r bu i\u015fd\u0259 biz\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k.
\nAy Yerd\u0259n 384.400 km orta m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir – planetimizin yegan\u0259 t\u0259bii peyki v\u0259 Yer\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n olan g\u00f6y cismi. Lakin aliml\u0259r Ay\u0131n bizd\u0259n ild\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 3,8 sm s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 uzaqla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259xmin edirl\u0259r. Komp\u00fcter simulyasiyalar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, lap ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cda Ay Yer\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 on d\u0259f\u0259 yax\u0131n idi v\u0259 s\u0259mada on d\u0259f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. V\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 600 milyon ild\u0259n sonra onun s\u0259mada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc o q\u0259d\u0259r azalacaq ki, tam G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f tutulmalar\u0131 art\u0131q Yerd\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k.
\nBu da 3474,8 kilometr, Ay\u0131n orta diametridir. Bel\u0259 m\u0259lumatlarla o, G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f sisteminin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck peykl\u0259ri siyah\u0131s\u0131nda be\u015finci yeri tutur – yaln\u0131z Qanymede, Titan, Callisto v\u0259 Io (Yupiter v\u0259 Saturnun peykl\u0259ri) ondan b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Ay\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259si Yerin k\u00fctl\u0259sind\u0259n 81 d\u0259f\u0259, h\u0259cmi is\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, 50 d\u0259f\u0259 azd\u0131r. Ay\u0131n s\u0259thi 58 milyon kvadrat kilometrdir ki, bu da Afrikan\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr, lakin Asiyan\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ki\u00e7ikdir.<\/p>\n
Ancaq kainatdak\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir cisim kimi, Ay da d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. Aliml\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edibl\u0259r ki, son bir ne\u00e7\u0259 milyon il \u0259rzind\u0259 onun sah\u0259si 50 kvadratmetr azal\u0131b. Buna s\u0259b\u0259b peykin daxili hiss\u0259sinin yava\u015f soyumas\u0131 olub.<\/p>\n
Ay\u0131n s\u0259thinin yaln\u0131z 59%-i Yerd\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki o, planetimizi \u00fcz \u00fcst\u0259 \u00e7evirir. Ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n s\u0259thinin 40% -d\u0259n \u00e7oxunu d\u0259nizl\u0259r tutur – b\u0259rkimi\u015f lava yataqlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f qaranl\u0131q, al\u00e7aq \u0259razil\u0259r. Ancaq Ay\u0131n uzaq (qaranl\u0131q) t\u0259r\u0259fi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rqlidir. Orta hesabla, daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdir, \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck Ay kraterl\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini ehtiva edir v\u0259 yaln\u0131z iki d\u0259nizi ehtiva edir.<\/p>\n
Ay\u0131n s\u0259thinin \u0259ksetm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti 13 faizdir (albedo). Bu, Yerin albedosundan dem\u0259k olar ki, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 azd\u0131r. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi, Ayda i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259 bil\u0259n buludlu v\u0259 sulu atmosfer\u0259 malik olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ox vaxt Ay v\u0259 Yerin birg\u0259 foto\u015f\u0259kill\u0259rind\u0259 birincisi x\u00fcsusi olaraq vur\u011fulan\u0131r.
\n Ay\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim x\u0259rit\u0259sinin t\u0259xmini 5 min ild\u0131r. \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259ri onu da\u015fa h\u0259kk etmi\u015f v\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sxematik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Ay d\u0259nizl\u0259rini (qaranl\u0131q l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r) t\u0259svir etmi\u015fl\u0259r.
\nYeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, ilk yaz\u0131lan mahn\u0131da Ay\u0131n da ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir. 1865 min il0-c\u0131 ild\u0259 frans\u0131z ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Edouard-L\u00e9on Scott de Martinville “Ay i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda” (Au Claire de la Lune) frans\u0131z xalq mahn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n on saniy\u0259lik s\u0259syazmas\u0131n\u0131 yaratd\u0131.
\nElm adamlar\u0131 hesab edirl\u0259r ki, Tycho \u015f\u00fca sistemin\u0259 malik \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur Ay kraterinin 108 milyon il ya\u015f\u0131 var. Ay n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin radioizotop analizin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu krater 108 milyon il \u0259vv\u0259l, dinozavrlar\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 h\u00f6km s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc zaman \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lib.
\nG\u00fcn\u0259\u015f batd\u0131qdan sonra k\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 olan Ayda temperatur 173 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 Selsiy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. Lakin g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenid\u0259n peykin s\u0259thin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 \u200b\u200bo, 127 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 Selsiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0131za bilir. Eyni zamanda, 1 metr d\u0259rinlikd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n s\u00fcxurlar\u0131n temperaturu sabitdir v\u0259 \u221235 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 Selsiy\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir.
\n1968-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 sovet kosmik g\u0259misi Zond-5 ilk canl\u0131 varl\u0131qlarla: Orta Asiya \u00e7\u00f6l t\u0131sba\u011falar\u0131, meyv\u0259 mil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259ri, b\u00f6c\u0259kl\u0259r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif bitkil\u0259r, toxumlar v\u0259 mikroorqanizml\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Ay \u0259traf\u0131nda d\u00f6vr etdi. Bir il sonra, 1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ilk yum\u015faq eni\u015f ba\u015f verdi. Tarixd\u0259 Ay s\u0259thinin ilk panoramalar\u0131n\u0131 Yer\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n, radiasiyan\u0131n intensivliyini \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259n v\u0259 Ay torpa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sinin meteor-\u015flak n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n Sovet “Luna-9” stansiyas\u0131
\n Tarix boyu 12 n\u0259f\u0259r insan Ay\u0131n s\u0259thind\u0259 g\u0259zib. Onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 amerikal\u0131 astronavtd\u0131r v\u0259 he\u00e7 biri peyk\u0259 iki d\u0259f\u0259 eni\u015f etm\u0259yib. Aya ilk yeriy\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs 1969-cu ild\u0259 Nil Armstronq, aya ayaq basan sonuncu \u015f\u0259xs is\u0259 1972-ci ild\u0259 Eugene Cernan olub. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 Aya ekspedisiyalarda 24 astronavt i\u015ftirak edib.<\/p>\n
Sad\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259fn m\u0259rasimi.
\nTarixd\u0259 Ayda d\u0259fn edil\u0259n yegan\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs kosmosa alud\u0259 olan, lakin s\u0259hh\u0259tind\u0259 yaranan probleml\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 vaxt astronavt ola bilm\u0259y\u0259n geoloq, planetoloq, astrogeologiyan\u0131n banisi Eugene Shoemakerdir. \u00c7\u0259km\u0259\u00e7inin kosmosa u\u00e7maq arzusu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ib. 1998-ci ild\u0259 onun k\u00fcll\u0259ri q\u00fctbl\u0259rd\u0259 su buzu axtaran Lunar Prospector missiyas\u0131nda Aya g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi.
\nBir il sonra cihaz k\u00fcll\u0259 birlikd\u0259 peykin s\u0259thin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc v\u0259 alim Ayda faktiki olaraq basd\u0131r\u0131lan yegan\u0259 insan oldu. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, peykd\u0259 h\u0259lak olmu\u015f Amerika v\u0259 Sovet kosmonavtlar\u0131n\u0131n abid\u0259si d\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Bu, insan\u0131n on santimetrlik al\u00fcminium heyk\u0259lciyi v\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f kosmik t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metal l\u00f6vh\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n
Bu, Ayda torpaq sahibi olan insanlar\u0131n t\u0259xmini say\u0131 40 milyond\u0131r (2020-ci il\u0259). Onlardan 20 mini Rusiya sakinl\u0259ridir. Minimum al\u0131\u015f sah\u0259si t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40 hektard\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcr Ay sah\u0259l\u0259ri peykin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 sat\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar “yeri i\u015far\u0259l\u0259m\u0259y\u0259” imkan verir v\u0259 sahibi \u00f6z sah\u0259sinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u0259 v\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u00fclkiyy\u0259t sertifikatla t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir. Bununla bel\u0259, bu c\u00fcr sat\u0131nalmalar, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, he\u00e7 bir h\u00fcquqi q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 malik deyil v\u0259 yaln\u0131z orijinal h\u0259diyy\u0259 kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
inkisaf.az Yanvar 1839-cu ild\u0259 frans\u0131z r\u0259ssam\u0131, kimya\u00e7\u0131, ixtira\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 fotoqrafiyan\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri Lui Daqer Ay\u0131n ilk foto\u015f\u0259kilini \u00e7\u0259kdi. Bundan sonra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elm-thsil"],"yoast_head":"\n